Iran BEFORE the 1979 revolution: Photos show the extent of women’s freedom under the Shah – but life was not all rosy

They are photographs that show just how much has changed in less than 50 years.

Women wearing short skirts and figure-hugging dresses; families shopping in department stores; skiers enjoying themselves on the slopes.

This was the lighter side of life in Iran before the 1979 revolution ushered in the repressive regime that is now threatening all-out war with America after the US bombing of its nuclear facilities. 

Under the rule of King Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was an ally of Britain and the US, the hijab was even banned because it was argued it suppressed women. 

In the 1960s and 1970s, many women in Iran joined the work force and mixed freely with men.

At the time, actresses who were later banned from performing posed up in short skirts for magazines, while locals were photographed skiing and wearing swimsuits and Miss Iran contestants enjoyed paddle-boat outings.

Other images from magazines show all-girl pop bands, an actress posing with her director husband, and advertisements showcasing Western fashion.

Also seen are families enjoying themselves on skiing trips in the mountains around Tehran. 

Under the rule of King Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was an ally of Britain and the U.S., the hijab was even banned because it was argued it suppressed women. Above: An Iranian woman poses in a swimsuit at the beach in Iran

Under the rule of King Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was an ally of Britain and the U.S., the hijab was even banned because it was argued it suppressed women. Above: An Iranian woman poses in a swimsuit at the beach in Iran

A mother was seen shopping for her young son in the children's section of a Tehran department store, 1971

A mother was seen shopping for her young son in the children’s section of a Tehran department store, 1971

Among the women pictured is Iranian actress Forouzan.

She started out doing voice-overs but eventually moved on screen. She co-starred in some of the highest-grossing Persian films of the era.

When the revolution hit in 1979, like many Iranian actresses, Forouzan was banned from playing roles in films and grew more and more isolated until her death in 2016. 

Other images show director Ali Hatami and his wife, Zari Khoshkam. 

He continued to make films and TV series’ after the revolution, and his daughter, Leila Hatami, is a famous actress in Iran. 

The women’s rights movement in Iran blossomed after Reza Shah Pahlavi became king.

As well as banning the hijab, Pahlavi granted women the right to vote.

The Family Protection Act gave women greater rights such as allowing divorce and banning marriage under the age of 15.

When the revolution hit in 1979, actress Forouzan (pictured above in 1968) was banned from playing roles in films and grew more and more isolated until her death in 2016

When the revolution hit in 1979, actress Forouzan (pictured above in 1968) was banned from playing roles in films and grew more and more isolated until her death in 2016

Iranian women posing on the cover of a magazine in Western clothes

Iranian women posing on the cover of a magazine in Western clothes 

Singer and actress Nooshfarin, pictured, was one of many Iranian artists to be exiled from the country following the 1979 revolution. She started her career as an actress before moving into singing
A woman in shorts poses up for a magazine in 1970

Singer and actress Nooshfarin, pictured left, was one of many Iranian artists to be exiled from the country following the 1979 revolution. She started her career as an actress before moving into singing. Upon her exile in the 1970s, she moved to Southern California to continue her career. Pictured right, a woman in shorts poses up for a magazine in 1970

The Iranian women's rights movement was going strong in the 1960s and 70s, and many women joined the work force and mixed freely with men. Pictured: Persian actresses Haleh and Mahnaz in the 1970s

The Iranian women’s rights movement was going strong in the 1960s and 70s, and many women joined the work force and mixed freely with men. Pictured: Persian actresses Haleh and Mahnaz in the 1970s

An all-female Iranian pop group - dressed in crop tops and flared pants - pose for promo shots ahead of a tour in 1974

An all-female Iranian pop group – dressed in crop tops and flared pants – pose for promo shots ahead of a tour in 1974

Skiers pictured on a chair lift at a resort in Iran in the 1970s

Skiers pictured on a chair lift at a resort in Iran in the 1970s

When the Shah was overthrown in the violent 1979 Iranian Revolution
The hardline Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned from exile

When the Shah was overthrown in the violent 1979 Iranian Revolution – and the hardline Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned from exile – everything changed in the country

Under the Shah, Iranians enjoyed the luxury of new colleges, universities and libraries. 

Secondary schools were free for all and financial support was extended to university students.

The Shah also pushed the country to adopt Western-oriented secular modernization, allowing some degree of cultural freedom.

However, there was also widespread censorship in the country and the Shah repressed political dissent.

The crackdown on communists and Islamists also led to many being imprisoned and tortured.

With his liberalising reforms and harsh treatment of his political opponents, the Shah made an enemy of traditionalists in the country.

These factors, along with the Shah being perceived as a puppet of the USA and economic uncertainty, culminated in the monarchy being overthrown in 1979.

The Shah, who was suffering from cancer, fled the country and the hardline Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned from exile.

Pictured above is Persian actress Forouzan in 1974
Forouzan in 1975. She started out as a voice-over actress but eventually moved on screen and co-starred in some of the highest-grossing Persian films of the era

Pictured above is Persian actress Forouzan in 1974 (left) and 1975 (right). She started out as a voice-over actress but eventually moved on screen and co-starred in some of the highest-grossing Persian films of the era

Actress Forouzan is seen above
Iranian singer Mahasti moved to the UK in 1978 ahead of the revolution and eventually migrated to California to continue her singing career

Actress Forouzan is seen above left. Iranian singer Mahasti (right) moved to the UK in 1978 ahead of the revolution and eventually migrated to California to continue her singing career

An Iranian music group at a party in 1970. The women's rights movement in Iran blossomed after Reza Shah Pahlavi became king

An Iranian music group at a party in 1970. The women’s rights movement in Iran blossomed after Reza Shah Pahlavi became king

A wedding in Iran in 1970. Life under the Shah was by no means free and easy however

A wedding in Iran in 1970. Life under the Shah was by no means free and easy however 

The Shah pushed the country to adopt Western-oriented secular modernization, allowing some degree of cultural freedom. Pictured above: Miss Iran 1978 finalists - it was the last of such pageants in the country

The Shah pushed the country to adopt Western-oriented secular modernization, allowing some degree of cultural freedom. Pictured above: Miss Iran 1978 finalists – it was the last of such pageants in the country

The Shah's determination to showcase an increasingly liberal and modern front to the world and ban on religious garments frustrated traditionalists in Iran. Pictured above: A couple dine in Tehran in the 1960s

The Shah’s determination to showcase an increasingly liberal and modern front to the world and ban on religious garments frustrated traditionalists in Iran. Pictured above: A couple dine in Tehran in the 1960s

Pahlavi believed the headscarf suppressed women, so he banned it. He also granted women the right to vote and an increasing number joined the workforce. Pictured above, street fashion in Tehran in the 1970s

Pahlavi believed the headscarf suppressed women, so he banned it. He also granted women the right to vote and an increasing number joined the workforce. Pictured above, street fashion in Tehran in the 1970s

A young woman wearing a smart belted dress and carrying a handbag on a street in Tehran, 1968

A young woman wearing a smart belted dress and carrying a handbag on a street in Tehran, 1968

Iranian women reading magazines in a supermarket in Tehran, 1968

Iranian women reading magazines in a supermarket in Tehran, 1968

Women athletes at t Heydarnia Stadium in Tehran, Iran, 1970s

Women athletes at t Heydarnia Stadium in Tehran, Iran, 1970s

Young women dressed in Western fashion in Tehran in 1968

Young women dressed in Western fashion in Tehran in 1968

Demonstrators hold a poster of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, in January 1979, in Tehran, during a demonstration against the Shah

Demonstrators hold a poster of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, in January 1979, in Tehran, during a demonstration against the Shah

Confrontation between revolutionary militiamen and followers of Reza Shah in Tehran during the Iranian Revolution

Confrontation between revolutionary militiamen and followers of Reza Shah in Tehran during the Iranian Revolution

In the days that followed the revolution, students who backed Khomeini stormed the US Embassy in Tehran and took 66 of its staff hostage for 444 days. Above: Students burning a US flag as they stand on the walls of the U.S. embassy compound

In the days that followed the revolution, students who backed Khomeini stormed the US Embassy in Tehran and took 66 of its staff hostage for 444 days. Above: Students burning a US flag as they stand on the walls of the U.S. embassy compound

The Daily Mail's front page after the 1979 revolution proclaimed 'Victory for the prophet' - a reference to Khomeini's takeover

The Daily Mail’s front page after the 1979 revolution proclaimed ‘Victory for the prophet’ – a reference to Khomeini’s takeover

Ayatollah Khomeini, who had been living in exile in France, then returned and announced the creation of an Islamic republic.

The women’s rights movement quickly regressed.

Wearing the hijab was enforced, many of the rights they had been granted were withdrawn and the female minister of education in Iran, Farokhroo Parsa, was executed by firing squad.

Under Khomeini’s rule, Amnesty International estimated that the number of executions carried out in Iran was more than in the rest of the world combined.

One woman who was caught wearing lipstick in the northern city of Tabriz was said to have been flogged 101 times in the city’s busiest area.

In the days that followed the revolution, students who backed Khomeini stormed the US Embassy in Tehran and took 66 of its staff hostage for 444 days.

Popular anger against the US was rooted in the 1953 CIA-engineered coup that toppled Iran’s elected prime minister and cemented the power of the Shah.

After Khomeini’s death in 1989, there was no let-up in the repression of Western lifestyles.

Today, newspapers are censored, protests are aggressively suppressed and women have no legal protection against domestic violence or sexual harassment.

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